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Sleep Complaints With Major Depression Linked With Incident Psychiatric Disorders
Sleep issues were common in adults with major depressive episodes who went on to develop other psychiatric disorders, according to study results published online in The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
“Sleep complaints were associated with increased risk of incident psychiatric disorders, independent of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics,” wrote corresponding author Bénédicte Barbotin, MD, of the Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris in France and coauthors. “These findings suggest that sleep complaints should be clinically assessed in all psychiatric disorders, as these prodromal symptoms might constitute transdiagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prevention."
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To investigate potential links between sleep issues and incident psychiatric disorders in people with major depressive episode, researchers used data from 2 waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Wave 1 was conducted in 2001 and 2002, and Wave 2 in 2004 and 2005. Researchers adjusted for sedative use, tranquilizer use, and other clinical and sociodemographic variables.
Three-year incidence rates among adults with major depressive episode at Wave 1 were 8.2% for generalized anxiety disorder, 8.1% for alcohol use disorder, 6.2% for nicotine dependence, 4.9% for other drug use disorder, 4.0% for social anxiety disorder, 3.4% for panic disorder, 3.0% for specific phobia, 2.9% for dysthymia, and 2.7% for cannabis use disorder, according to the study.
Trouble falling asleep occurred frequently in participants with incident psychiatric disorders, with rates that ranged from 67.6% of those who developed cannabis use disorder to 76.4% of those with incident panic disorder. Hypersomnia rates ranged from 51.3% of participants with incident nicotine use disorder to 72.1% with incident social anxiety disorder, the study showed. Meanwhile, early morning awakening rates ranged from 43.3% with incident cannabis use disorder to 55.6% with incident dysthymia.
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